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In theoretical physics, the pilot wave theory was the first known example of a hidden variable theory, presented by Louis de Broglie in 1927. Its more modern version, the de Broglie–Bohm theory, remains a non-mainstream attempt to interpret quantum mechanics as a deterministic theory, avoiding troublesome notions such as wave-particle duality, instantaneous wave function collapse and the paradox of Schrödinger's cat. The De Broglie–Bohm pilot wave theory is one of several interpretations of quantum mechanics. It uses the same mathematics as other interpretations of quantum mechanics; consequently, it is also supported by the current experimental evidence to the same extent as the other interpretations. In the 2000s, after Y. Couder experiments〔〔 on hydrodynamic analogs of single-particle quantum systems, closely related to de Broglie’s original conception of quantum dynamics, the "concrete" ''pilot-wave'' emerged.〔"(Pilot-Wave Hydrodynamics )", John W.M. Bush, 2014〕 In 2015, John W.M. Bush at MIT sums up this research "We here describe the walking-droplet system and, where possible, provide rationale for its quantum-like features. Further, we discuss the physical analogy between this hydrodynamic system and its closest relations in quantum theory, Louis de Broglie’s pilot-wave theory and its modern extensions." () ''Physics Today' ''The new wave of pilot-wave theory.'' ==History== In his 1926 paper,〔 〕 Max Born suggested that the wave function of Schrödinger's wave equation represents the probability density of finding a particle. From this idea, de Broglie developed the pilot wave theory, and worked out a function for the guiding wave.〔 〕 Initially, de Broglie proposed a ''double solution'' approach, in which the quantum object consists of a physical wave (''u''-wave) in real space which has a spherical singular region that gives rise to particle-like behaviour; in this initial form of his theory he did not have to postulate the existence of a quantum particle.〔 〕 He later formulated it as a theory in which a particle is accompanied by a pilot wave. He presented the pilot wave theory at the 1927 Solvay Conference.〔 〕 However, Wolfgang Pauli raised an objection to it at the conference, saying that it did not deal properly with the case of inelastic scattering. De Broglie was not able to find a response to this objection, and he and Born abandoned the pilot-wave approach. Unlike David Bohm years later, de Broglie did not complete his theory to encompass the many-particle case.〔 The many-particle case shows mathematically, that the energy dissipation in inelastic scattering could actually be distributed to the surrounding field structure by an as of yet unknown mechanism of the theory of hidden variables. One physicist has shown a dynamic Lie group geometrical object that could account for the unknown mechanism. Later, in 1932, John von Neumann published a paper claiming to prove that all hidden variable theories were impossible.〔 〕 (A result found to be flawed by Grete Hermann three years later, though this went unnoticed by the physics community for over fifty years). However, in 1952, David Bohm, dissatisfied with the prevailing orthodoxy, rediscovered de Broglie's pilot wave theory. Bohm developed pilot wave theory into what is now called the de Broglie–Bohm theory.〔 〕〔 〕 The de Broglie–Bohm theory itself might have gone unnoticed by most physicists, if it had not been championed by John Bell, who also countered the objections to it. In 1987, John Bell〔 〕 rediscovered Grete Hermann's work, and thus showed the physics community that Pauli's and von Neumann's objections really only showed that the pilot wave theory did not have locality. The de Broglie–Bohm theory is now considered by some to be a valid challenge to the prevailing orthodoxy of the Copenhagen Interpretation, but it remains controversial. Yves Couder and co-workers in 2010 discovered a macroscopic pilot wave system in the form of ''walking droplets''. This system exhibits behaviour of a pilot wave, heretofore considered to be reserved to microscopic phenomena.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「pilot wave」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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